Paper open access related content preparation of silver. Peak position, peak intensity and peak broadening of the raman spectra. The realspace and reciprocal crystalline structures are analyzed. In this work graphene oxide was prepared by oxidizing graphite to form graphite oxide. Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of. This result confirms the formation of graphene oxide.
Adsorption of basic magenta on graphene oxide modified. Technical data sheet acs material single layer graphene. This is because the regularstacking of graphene oxide was destroyed during the reduction process with hydrazine hydrate and could not be resolved by xrd. Graphene sheets that are now routinely obtained by the exfoliationreduction of graphite oxide exhibit raman spectra unlike traditional graphene systems. Xrd spectrum of a sample a, b sample b, c sample c and d sample d figure 2. Studies of reduced graphene oxide and graphite oxide in. The xray diffraction xrd pattern of graphenegraphite oxide usually shows a characteristic diffraction peak at 2. In this paper, the influences of the graphite precursor and the oxidation method on the resulting reduced graphene oxide especially its composition and morphology are shown.
Graphene can be obtained in the form of reduced graphite oxide. The spectra in figures 2a and 2b show two peaks corresponding to graphene oxide and graphene. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Functionalization of graphene oxide can fundamentally change graphene oxides electrical properties. Synthesis and characterization of graphene thin films by. Investigation of structural and electronic properties of. Graphite oxide go was synthesized by a modified hummers method. Detailed characterization by xrd, raman spectroscopy, fesem and. The intensity r atio between d peak and g peak in the raman spectra of graphene oxide and reduction of graphene oxide indicated that the asprepared graphene oxide has a low defect content. Potts a, aruna velamakanni a, shanthi murali a, rodney s. The adsorbent was characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and xray diffraction analyses.
Characterization of reduced graphene oxide produced. Aug 18, 2019 graphene oxide is an excellent material to solve this problem 4,5,6. Characterization of graphite oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Advances in microwaveassisted production of reduced graphene. Xray diffraction pattern for c kapton tube sample holder, d graphite, and e graphene oxide sample measured using wavelength of 0. Ruoff a, a department of mechanical engineering and the texas materials institute, the university of texas at austin, one university station c2200. The graphene oxide loading silver nanoparticle based on thiol groups was successfully fabricated. The preparation of graphite oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Surface functional groups of go layers and the oxidative debris od stacked on them were investigated after od was extracted. The chemical and structural analysis of graphene oxide with. Analysis was performed successfully using fourier transform. The synthesis of graphene was validated through ir, xrd, raman, and xps analyses.
The preparation of composite material of graphene oxide. Pdf graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide studied by. Pdf graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide studied by the. In fact, the disappearance of the particular peak responsible for go at 2q of 11. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxidemodified. Hierarchical layered ws graphenemodified cds nanorods for. Hydrazinereduction of graphite and graphene oxide sungjin park a,b, jinho an a, jeffrey r. Page 5 xps spectrum of acs material single layer graphene oxide powder h method xps peak table of acs material single layer graphene oxide powder h method name peak be fwhm ev areapcps. In the ir spectrum typical peaks of functional groups can be identified. Graphene oxide, with a carbontooxygen atomic ratio. Doping nanoparticles doping nanoparticles onto graphene or go has been done for the following works brenner, 2012. Pdf comparison on graphite, graphene oxide and reduced. It can be seen that the asprepared graphene shows a weak and broad diffraction peak at 2. In the c 1s spectra of pssg the oxygen functionalities are considerably reduced, indicating the deoxygenation of graphene oxide figure s2.
The importance of interbands on the interpretation of the. The silver was decorated welldistributed to the layer of graphene oxide by tem observation. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers method. The drift spectrum of go is shown in the figure 2a. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide studied by the xrd, tem and electron spectroscopy methods. A raman spectroscopic investigation of graphite oxide.
The xray diffraction xrd is the most widely used technique. Xray diffraction of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide synthesized by chemical reduction of exfoliated and intercalated graphite oxide is presented in figure 2. Xrd patterns of graphite, graphite oxide, reduced graph openi. A raman spectroscopic investigation of graphite oxide derived. Xray diffraction analysis of graphite, graphite oxide, and the reduced graphene oxide was carried out using rigaku ultima iv xray diffractometer with cu ka 1 radiation. In situ xray powder diffraction studies of the synthesis of graphene.
Graphene oxide go layers are the individual sheets of conventional graphite oxide cgo synthesized from graphene. The adsorption of basic magenta on bagasse and graphene oxide. Each obtained graphite oxide and reduced graphene oxide was analysed by xray diffraction xrd, xray photoelectron spectroscopy xps and raman spectroscopy rs. Ruoff a, a department of mechanical engineering and the texas materials institute, the university of texas at austin, one university station c2200, austin, tx 787120292, usa b department of chemistry, inha university, incheon 402751, republic. The purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide go and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the lerfklinowski and the lee structural models. There are many ways in which graphene oxide can be functionalized, depending on the desired application. Efforts are being made to develop materials from transition metals that could be used as counter. The sem images suggest that rgo having a thickness less than 10 nm could be synthesized by this process. In graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide prepared from the graphite the reels indicates 811 and 710 layers.
Moreover, the diffraction pattern obtained from tem also validated the formation of graphene with characteristics 002 plane. The changes occur in the shape and intensity of the xrd spectrum of go from 100c to 200 c accounts for breakdown of go structure upon the heat treatment. Although we applied strain on the graphene oxide, it ac. Moreover, the diffraction pattern obtained from tem also validated the formation of. Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. The general attributes of the raman spectra of these wrinkled graphene are first reaffirmed by evaluating the spectra of samples prepared by seven different exfoliationreduction methods.
Subsequently reduced graphene oxide rgo having few layer graphene is extracted from go by the thermal reduction of go. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects, and. We investigate raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets with epoxy and hydroxyl groups and stone. Sandhya murali et al international journal of chemtech research, 2018,1103.
Polyaniline was synthesized by chemical polymerization, and au nanoparticles npau were added afterward. Thanks for your all useful experiments in years ago it is obvious directly from your question that you have. Raman spectra of graphene oxide and thermally reduced graphene oxide were analyzed in order to relate spectral parameters with the structural properties. Having unique properties, graphene layers are a quite interesting nanomaterial for industrial applications. Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of reduced.
Frontiers advances in microwaveassisted production of. Reducing graphene oxide by various physical, thermal and chemical methods produce reduced graphene oxide r go which is commonly employed for producing large quantities of good quality graphene for various industrial applications. Crystal structure of graphite, graphene and silicon dodd gray, adam mccaughan, bhaskar mookerji. Xrd patterns of go, rgo25 kgy, rgo50 kgy, rgo100 kgy, and 250 kgy. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects. Afm image of exfoliated graphene oxide sheets on mica surface withheight pro. There is a strong peak corresponding to interlayer distance of 0. Xrd studies showed a disruption of the graphitic ab stacking order during the increase in oxidation levels. Graphite oxides were obtained from scale, flake and synthetic graphites by two methods denoted a and b commercial graphite powders were ground in a planetary ball mill and sieved to a particle size graphene and silicon dodd gray, adam mccaughan, bhaskar mookerji. The broad, intense band centered at 3450 cm1 was assigned to oh stretching vibrations of the coh groups and the bands at 1737 cm1 were. Raman spectroscopy uses a monochromatic laser to interact with molecular vibrational modes and phonons in a sample, shifting the laser energy down stokes or up antistokes through inelastic scattering 7. Xrd characterization showed that the modification of bi.
The commercial and synthesised fewlayer graphene oxide, prepared using oxidation reactions, and fewlayer reduced graphene oxide samples were structurally and chemically investigated by the xray diffraction xrd, transmission electron microscopy tem and electron spectroscopy methods, i. The 002 peak of graphene oxide go is shifted to 14. Xray diffraction patterns of graphite oxide go are theoretically simulated as a function of the displacements of carbon. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide studied by the xrd.
The origin of fluorescence from graphene oxide scientific. A direct method of producing graphene from graphite oxide go via ultrasonication is presented in this work. March, 2009 we analyze graphene and some of the carbon allotropes for which graphene sheets form the basis. The high order 00l peaks gradually disappear with the increase in. Go can be reduced through several methods to obtain reduced graphene oxide rgo. Fesem image for a graphene oxide and b zinc selenide a b. This observation is an example of xray wave interference roentgenstrahlinterferenzen, commonly known as xray diffraction xrd, and was direct evidence for the periodic atomic structure of crystals postulated for several centuries.
However, the generation of graphene layers from graphite is quite expensive, but can be achieved at lower cost via controlled oxidation of graphite. The typical raman spectrum of carbon materials contains bands marked as d, g and 2d. Tuning optical properties of graphene oxide under compressive. Corrosion protection of carbon steel by polyurethane. Though the extraction of graphene through hummers method is one of the oldest techniques yet it is one of the most suitable methods for the formation of bulk graphene. Reduced graphene oxide is an excellent candidate for various electronic devices such as high performance gas sensors. Graphene oxide go has been initially prepared by a modified hummersmethod. Synthesis of zinc selenidegraphene oxide composite via. Xrd patterns of the graphene, graphite oxide, and graph openi. Xrd patterns of graphite, graphite oxide, reduced graph. Fabrication of the electrodes consisted on the hybrid materials being.
However, the presenceofgraphene sheetsinthe wg can be easily evidenced by ramanspectroscopy. A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of h 2 so 4 h 3 po 4 acids and potassium permanganate. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. Xrd measurements were taken with an xpert pro pw 304060 by panalytical.
Crystal structure of graphite, graphene and silicon. Natural flake graphite nfg was procured from loba chemie india having a mean size of 60 mesh and purity of 98%. The xrd pattern of the laboratory gointermediate sample which was extracted after the oxidation of. Timeresolved fluorescence measurements of graphene oxide in water show multiexponential decay kinetics ranging from 1 ps to 2 ns. Over the span of years, improvements over various synthesis methods of graphene are constantly pursued to provide safer and more effective alternatives. The williamsonhall method is used to quantify the strain on the 10 hrs and 20 hrs ball milled graphene oxide samples and is found to be 4.
Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized. The reels results are consistent with those by the xrd indicating 8 flgoc and 4 layers flrgoc. The xrd, ftir, uvvisible spectra results were confirmed the property of sample. Xrd analysis was used to characterize the crystalline nature and phase purity of the assynthesized graphene oxide. Paper open access related content synthesis of reduced. Ultravioletvisible spectra were recorded for aqueous solutions of graphite oxide by using uv1800, shimadzu spectrophotometer. Nanocomposites a lot of research works have been reported on graphene or rgo andor go.
This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. Sep 20, 2018 this paper reports a facile and green method for conversion of graphene oxide go into graphene by lowtemperature heating 80 c in the presence of a glass wafer. The raman spectrum from the bluecolored area in the center of the. Figure 1b presents the xray diffraction xrd spectrum, where the main diffraction peak appears at 12.
Identifying vibrational modes using only laser excitation. After chemical reduction by hydrazine, the sharp 002 peak of graphite oxide disappeared while another broad peak of around 24 shows up. The lascorbic acid solution was mix together with gos and gows. Pdf synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Direct hydrothermal method using liquid graphene oxide indirect hydrothermal method using graphene oxide sheet indirect hydrothermal method using liquid graphene oxide figure 1. Introduction graphene oxide and its reduced forms have attracted signi. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy xps and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy reels. Hierarchical layered ws graphenemodified cds nanorods.
Characterization of graphite oxide and reduced graphene. In xrd, how to identify which peak is which element in a. In this work, synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxidepolyanilineau nanoparticles gopaninpau as a hybrid capacitor are presented. Graphene oxide, with a carbontooxygen atomic ratio co of around 2,1,2 was. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide reduced. Xrd patterns of the graphene, graphite oxide, and graph. Graphite oxides were obtained from scale, flake and synthetic graphites by two methods denoted a and b commercial graphite powders were ground in a planetary ball mill and sieved to a particle size graphene formed as a byproduct of this oxidation process is called graphene oxide go. Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide was the most common one. Xrd pattern of graphite, go and pssrgo xray photoelectron spectroscopy xps is employed to analyse extend of reduction of graphene oxide after the grafting of pss. Figure 1 shows the xrd patterns for graphene, graphite oxide, and graphenemno2 composites with different microwave reaction times 5, 10, and 15 min. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide studied by the. The chemical composition of different graphene oxides was determined by organic elemental analysis, and the microstructure of nanocrystals was analyzed by xray diffraction. Reduced graphene oxide as saturable absorbers for erdoped passively modelocked fiber laser grzegorz sobon, 1, jaroslaw sotor, 1 joanna jagiello,2 rafal kozinski,2 mariusz zdrojek, 3 marcin holdynski, 4 piotr paletko, 5 jakub boguslawski, 1 ludwika lipinska, 2 and krzysztof m. Reduced graphene oxides were obtained using hightemperature.